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| Author | Zacks, O.; Friedman, J. | ||||
| Title | Analogies can speed up the motor learning process | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2020 | Publication | Scientific Reports | Abbreviated Journal | Sci Rep |
| Volume | 10 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 6932 |
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Abstract  |
Analogies have been shown to improve motor learning in various tasks and settings. In this study we tested whether applying analogies can shorten the motor learning process and induce insight and skill improvement in tasks that usually demand many hours of practice. Kinematic measures were used to quantify participant's skill and learning dynamics. For this purpose, we used a drawing task, in which subjects drew lines to connect dots, and a mirror game, in which subjects tracked a moving stimulus. After establishing a baseline, subjects were given an analogy, explicit instructions or no further instruction. We compared their improvement in skill (quantified by coarticulation or smoothness), accuracy and movement duration. Subjects in the analogy and explicit groups improved their coarticulation in the target task, while significant differences were found in the mirror game only at a slow movement frequency between analogy and controls.We conclude that a verbal analogy can be a useful tool for rapidly changing motor kinematics and movement strategy in some circumstances, although in the tasks selected it did not produce better performance in most measurements than explicit guidance. Furthermore, we observed that different movement facets may improve independently from others, and may be selectively affected by verbal instructions. These results suggest an important role for the type of instruction in motor learning. | ||||
| Address | Dept. of Physical Therapy, Stanley Steyer School of Health Professions, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 2045-2322 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:32332826; PMCID:PMC7181737 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Penn State @ write.to.jason @ | Serial | 105 | ||
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| Author | Dempsey-Jones, H.; Wesselink, D.B.; Friedman, J.; Makin, T.R. | ||||
| Title | Organized Toe Maps in Extreme Foot Users | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2019 | Publication | Cell Reports | Abbreviated Journal | Cell Reports |
| Volume | 28 | Issue | 11 | Pages | 2748-2756.e4 |
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| Abstract |
Although the fine-grained features of topographic maps in the somatosensory cortex can be shaped by everyday experience, it is unknown whether behavior can support the expression of somatotopic maps where they do not typically occur. Unlike the fingers, represented in all primates, individuated toe maps have only been found in non-human primates. Using 1-mm resolution fMRI, we identify organized toe maps in two individuals born without either upper limb who use their feet to substitute missing hand function and even support their profession as foot artists. We demonstrate that the ordering and structure of the artists’ toe representation mimics typical hand representation. We further reveal “hand-like” features of activity patterns, not only in the foot area but also similarly in the missing hand area. We suggest humans may have an innate capacity for forming additional topographic maps that can be expressed with appropriate experience. | ||||
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| Publisher | Elsevier | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
| Language | Summary Language | Original Title | |||
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| ISSN | 2211-1247 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.08.027 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Serial | 99 | |||
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| Author | Zopf, Regine; Truong, Sandra; Finkbeiner, Matthew; Friedman, Jason; Williams, Mark A | ||||
| Title | Viewing and feeling touch modulates hand position for reaching | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2011 | Publication | Neuropsychologia | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 49 | Issue | 5 | Pages | 1287–1293 |
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| Abstract |
Action requires knowledge of our body location in space. Here we asked if interactions with the external world prior to a reaching action influence how visual location information is used. We investigated if the temporal synchrony between viewing and feeling touch modulates the integration of visual and proprioceptive body location information for action. We manipulated the synchrony between viewing and feeling touch in the Rubber Hand Illusion paradigm prior to participants performing a ballistic reaching task to a visually specified target. When synchronous touch was given, reaching trajectories were significantly shifted compared to asynchronous touch. The direction of this shift suggests that touch influences the encoding of hand position for action. On the basis of this data and previous findings, we propose that the brain uses correlated cues from passive touch and vision to update its own position for action and experience of self-location. | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Penn State @ write.to.jason @ | Serial | 23 | ||
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| Author | Friedman, J.; Korman, M. | ||||
| Title | Offline Optimization of the Relative Timing of Movements in a Sequence Is Blocked by Retroactive Behavioral Interference | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2016 | Publication | Frontiers in Human Neuroscience | Abbreviated Journal | Front. Hum. Neurosci. |
| Volume | 10 | Issue | Pages | 623 | |
| Keywords | learning; interference; consolidation; finger movements; kinematics | ||||
| Abstract |
Acquisition of motor skills often involves the concatenation of single movements into sequences. Along the course of learning, sequential performance becomes progressively faster and smoother, presumably by optimization of both motor planning and motor execution. Following its encoding during training, “how-to” memory undergoes consolidation, reflecting transformations in performance and its neurobiological underpinnings over time. This offline post-training memory process is characterized by two phenomena: reduced sensitivity to interference and the emergence of delayed, typically overnight, gains in performance. Here, using a training protocol that effectively induces motor sequence memory consolidation, we tested temporal and kinematic parameters of performance within (online) and between (offline) sessions, and their sensitivity to retroactive interference. One group learned a given finger-to-thumb opposition sequence (FOS), and showed robust delayed (consolidation) gains in the number of correct sequences performed at 24 h. A second group learned an additional (interference) FOS shortly after the first and did not show delayed gains. Reduction of touch times and inter-movement intervals significantly contributed to the overall offline improvement of performance overnight. However, only the offline inter-movement interval shortening was selectively blocked by the interference experience. Velocity and amplitude, comprising movement time, also significantly changed across the consolidation period but were interference-insensitive. Moreover, they paradoxically canceled out each other. Current results suggest that shifts in the representation of the trained sequence are subserved by multiple processes: from distinct changes in kinematic characteristics of individual finger movements to high-level, temporal reorganization of the movements as a unit. Each of these processes has a distinct time course and a specific susceptibility to retroactive interference. This multiple-component view may bridge the gap in understanding the link between the behavioral changes, which define online and offline learning, and the biological mechanisms that support those changes. | ||||
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| ISSN | 1662-5161 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 83 | |||
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| Author | Kapur, Shweta; Friedman, Jason; Zatsiorsky, Vladimir M.; Latash, Mark L. | ||||
| Title | Finger interaction in a three-dimensional pressing task | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2010 | Publication | Experimental Brain Research | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 203 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 101-118 |
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| Abstract |
Accurate control of forces produced by the fingers is essential for performing object manipulation. This study examines the indices of finger interaction when accurate time profiles of force are produced in different directions, while using one of the fingers or all four fingers of the hand. We hypothesized that patterns of unintended force production among shear force components may involve features not observed in the earlier studies of vertical force production. In particular, we expected to see unintended forces generated by non-task fingers not in the direction on the instructed force but in the opposite direction as well as substantial force production in directions orthogonal to the instructed direction. We also tested a hypothesis that multi-finger synergies, quantified using the framework of the uncontrolled manifold hypothesis, will help reduce across-trials variance of both total force magnitude and direction. Young, healthy subjects were required to produce accurate ramps of force in five different directions by pressing on force sensors with the fingers of the right (dominant) hand. The index finger induced the smallest unintended forces in non-task fingers. The little finger showed the smallest unintended forces when it was a non-task finger. Task fingers showed substantial force production in directions orthogonal to the intended force direction. During four-finger tasks, individual force vectors typically pointed off the task direction, with these deviations nearly perfectly matched to produce a resultant force in the task direction. Multi-finger synergy indices reflected strong co-variation in the space of finger modes (commands to fingers) that reduced variability of the total force magnitude and direction across trials. The synergy indices increased in magnitude over the first 30% of the trial time and then stayed at a nearly constant level. The synergy index for stabilization of total force magnitude was higher for shear force components as compared to the downward pressing force component. The results suggest complex interactions between enslaving and synergic force adjustments, possibly reflecting the experience with everyday prehensile tasks. For the first time, the data document multi-finger synergies stabilizing both shear force magnitude and force vector direction. These synergies may play a major role in stabilizing the hand action during object manipulation. |
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| Notes | in press | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Penn State @ write.to.jason @ | Serial | 20 | ||
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