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Author (up) Awasthi, Bhuvanesh; Friedman, Jason; Williams, Mark pdf  doi
openurl 
  Title Faster, stronger, lateralized: Low spatial frequency information supports face processing Type Journal Article
  Year 2011 Publication Neuropsychologia Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 49 Issue 13 Pages 3583-3590  
  Keywords  
  Abstract Distinct visual pathways are selectively tuned for processing specific spatial frequencies. Recently, Awasthi, Friedman and Williams (2011) reported fast categorisation of faces at periphery, arguing for primacy of low spatial frequency (LSF) information in face processing. However, previous studies have also documented rapid categorization of places and natural scenes. Here, we tested if the LSF advantage is face specific or also involved in place perception. We used visually guided reaching as a continuous behavioral measure to examine the processing of LSF and high spatial frequency (HSF) hybrids, presented at the periphery. Subjects reached out and touched targets and their movements were recorded. The trajectories revealed that LSF interference was both 95 ms earlier and stronger for faces than places and was lateralized to the left visual field. The early processing of LSF information supports the assumption that faces are prioritised and provides a (neural) framework for such specialised processing.  
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  Call Number Penn State @ write.to.jason @ Serial 25  
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Author (up) Awasthi, Bhuvanesh; Friedman, Jason; Williams, Mark A pdf  doi
openurl 
  Title Reach Trajectories Reveal Delayed Processing of Low Spatial Frequency Faces in Developmental Prosopagnosia Type Journal Article
  Year 2012 Publication Cognitive Neuroscience Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 3 Issue 2 Pages 120-130  
  Keywords  
  Abstract Developmental prosopagnosia (DP) is characterized by a selective deficit in face recognition despite normal cognitive and neurological functioning. Previous research has established configural processing deficits in DP subjects. Low spatial frequency (LSF) information subserves configural face processing. Using hybrid stimuli, here we examined the evolution of perceptual dynamics and integration of LSF information by DP subjects while they pointed to high spatial frequency (HSF) face targets. Permutation analysis revealed a 230-ms delay in LSF processing by DP subjects as compared to controls. This delayed processing is likely to contribute to the difficulties associated with face recognition in DP subjects and is reflective of their alleged reliance on local rather than global features in face perception. These results suggest that quick and efficient processing of LSF information is critical for the development of normal face perception.  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Penn State @ write.to.jason @ Serial 27  
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Author (up) Awasthi, Bhuvanesh; Friedman, Jason; Williams, Mark A pdf  doi
openurl 
  Title Processing of low spatial frequency faces at periphery in choice reaching tasks Type Journal Article
  Year 2011 Publication Neuropsychologia Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 49 Issue 7 Pages 2136-2141  
  Keywords  
  Abstract Various aspects of face processing have been associated with distinct ranges of spatial frequencies. Configural processing of faces depends chiefly on low spatial frequency (LSF) information whereas high spatial frequency (HSF) supports feature based processing. However, it has also been argued that face processing has a foveal-bias (HSF channels dominate the fovea). Here we used reach trajectories as a continuous behavioral measure to study perceptual processing of faces. Experimental stimuli were LSF–HSF hybrids of male and female faces superimposed and were presented peripherally and centrally. Subject reached out to touch a specified sex and their movements were recorded. The reaching trajectories reveal that there is less effect of (interference by) LSF faces at fovea as compared to periphery while reaching to HSF targets. These results demonstrate that peripherally presented LSF information, carried chiefly by magnocellular channels, enables efficient processing of faces, possibly via a retinotectal (subcortical) pathway.  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 24  
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Author (up) Finkbeiner, Matthew; Friedman, Jason pdf  doi
openurl 
  Title The flexibility of nonconsciously deployed cognitive processes: Evidence from masked congruence priming Type Journal Article
  Year 2011 Publication PLoS ONE Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 6 Issue 2 Pages e17095  
  Keywords  
  Abstract Background

It is well accepted in the subliminal priming literature that task-level properties modulate nonconscious processes. For example, in tasks with a limited number of targets, subliminal priming effects are limited to primes that are physically similar to the targets. In contrast, when a large number of targets are used, subliminal priming effects are observed for primes that share a semantic (but not necessarily physical) relationship with the target. Findings such as these have led researchers to conclude that task-level properties can direct nonconscious processes to be deployed exclusively over central (semantic) or peripheral (physically specified) representations.

Principal Findings

We find distinct patterns of masked priming for “novel” and “repeated” primes within a single task context. Novel primes never appear as targets and thus are not seen consciously in the experiment. Repeated primes do appear as targets, thereby lending themselves to the establishment of peripheral stimulus-response mappings. If the source of the masked priming effect were exclusively central or

peripheral, then both novel and repeated primes should yield similar patterns of priming. In contrast, we find that both novel and repeated primes produce robust, yet distinct, patterns of priming.

Conclusions

Our findings indicate that nonconsciously elicited cognitive processes can be flexibly deployed over both central and peripheral representations within a single task context. While we agree that task level properties can influence nonconscious processes, our findings sharply constrain the extent of this influence. Specifically, our findings are inconsistent with extant accounts which hold that the influence of task-level properties is strong enough to restrict the deployment of nonconsciously elicited cognitive processes to a single type of representation (i.e. central or peripheral).
 
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  Call Number Penn State @ write.to.jason @ Serial 22  
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Author (up) Friedman, Jason; Brown, Scott; Finkbeiner, Matthew pdf  doi
openurl 
  Title Linking cognitive and reaching trajectories via intermittent movement control Type Journal Article
  Year 2013 Publication Journal of Mathematical Psychology Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 57 Issue 3-4 Pages 140-151  
  Keywords Decision making; Diffusion model; Reaction times; Arm movements; Submovements  
  Abstract Theories of decision-making have traditionally been constrained by reaction time data. A limitation of reaction time data, particularly for studying the temporal dynamics of cognitive processing, is that they index only the endpoint of the decision making process. Recently, physical reaching trajectories have been used as proxies for underlying mental trajectories through decision space. We suggest that this approach has been oversimplified: while it is possible for the motor control system to access the current state of the evidence accumulation process, this access is intermittent. Instead, we demonstrate how a model of arm movements that assumes intermittent, not continuous, access to the decision process is sufficient to describe the effects of stimulus quality and viewing time in curved reaching movements.  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 70  
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