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1.1 1 xml info:srw/schema/1/mods-v3.2 Biess A author Flash T author Liebermann D G author 2011 English We present a generally covariant formulation of human arm dynamics and optimization principles in Riemannian configuration space. We extend the one-parameter family of mean-squared-derivative (MSD) cost functionals from Euclidean to Riemannian space, and we show that they are mathematically identical to the corresponding dynamic costs when formulated in a Riemannian space equipped with the kinetic energy metric. In particular, we derive the equivalence of the minimum-jerk and minimum-torque change models in this metric space. Solutions of the one-parameter family of MSD variational problems in Riemannian space are given by (reparameterized) geodesic paths, which correspond to movements with least muscular effort. Finally, movement invariants are derived from symmetries of the Riemannian manifold. We argue that the geometrical structure imposed on the arm's configuration space may provide insights into the emerging properties of the movements generated by the motor system. Arm/*physiology Biomechanics Computer Simulation Humans Kinetics Male Models Biological Models Statistical Models Theoretical *Movement Psychomotor Performance/*physiology Range of Motion Articular/physiology Reaction Time/physiology Space Perception/*physiology Torque PMID:21517543 exported from refbase (https://refbase.nfshost.com/show.php?record=29), last updated on Mon, 31 Dec 2012 14:27:42 +0000 text http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21517543 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21517543 21517543 Biess_etal2011 2011 continuing periodical academic journal 83 3 Pt 1 031927 1539-3755 1