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Awasthi, Bhuvanesh; Friedman, Jason; Williams, Mark |
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Faster, stronger, lateralized: Low spatial frequency information supports face processing |
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2011 |
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Neuropsychologia |
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49 |
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13 |
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3583-3590 |
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Distinct visual pathways are selectively tuned for processing specific spatial frequencies. Recently, Awasthi, Friedman and Williams (2011) reported fast categorisation of faces at periphery, arguing for primacy of low spatial frequency (LSF) information in face processing. However, previous studies have also documented rapid categorization of places and natural scenes. Here, we tested if the LSF advantage is face specific or also involved in place perception. We used visually guided reaching as a continuous behavioral measure to examine the processing of LSF and high spatial frequency (HSF) hybrids, presented at the periphery. Subjects reached out and touched targets and their movements were recorded. The trajectories revealed that LSF interference was both 95 ms earlier and stronger for faces than places and was lateralized to the left visual field. The early processing of LSF information supports the assumption that faces are prioritised and provides a (neural) framework for such specialised processing. |
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Penn State @ write.to.jason @ |
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25 |
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Biess, A.; Flash, T.; Liebermann, D.G. |
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Title |
Riemannian geometric approach to human arm dynamics, movement optimization, and invariance |
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Journal Article |
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2011 |
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Physical Review. E, Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics |
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Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys |
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83 |
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3 Pt 1 |
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031927 |
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Arm/*physiology; Biomechanics; Computer Simulation; Humans; Kinetics; Male; Models, Biological; Models, Statistical; Models, Theoretical; *Movement; Psychomotor Performance/*physiology; Range of Motion, Articular/physiology; Reaction Time/physiology; Space Perception/*physiology; Torque |
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We present a generally covariant formulation of human arm dynamics and optimization principles in Riemannian configuration space. We extend the one-parameter family of mean-squared-derivative (MSD) cost functionals from Euclidean to Riemannian space, and we show that they are mathematically identical to the corresponding dynamic costs when formulated in a Riemannian space equipped with the kinetic energy metric. In particular, we derive the equivalence of the minimum-jerk and minimum-torque change models in this metric space. Solutions of the one-parameter family of MSD variational problems in Riemannian space are given by (reparameterized) geodesic paths, which correspond to movements with least muscular effort. Finally, movement invariants are derived from symmetries of the Riemannian manifold. We argue that the geometrical structure imposed on the arm's configuration space may provide insights into the emerging properties of the movements generated by the motor system. |
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Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience, DE-37073 Gottingen, Germany. armin@nld.ds.mpg.de |
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English |
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1539-3755 |
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PMID:21517543 |
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