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	Author	Friedman, Jason; Flash, Tamar
	Title	Task-dependent selection of grasp kinematics and stiffness in human object manipulation			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2007	Publication	Cortex	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	43	Issue	3	Pages	444-460
	Keywords
	Abstract	Object manipulation with the hand is a complex task. The task has redundancies at many levels, allowing many possibilities for the selection of grasp points, the orientation and posture of the hand, the forces to be applied at each fingertip and the impedance properties of the hand. Despite this inherent complexity, humans perform object manipulation nearly effortlessly. This article presents experimental findings of how humans grasp and manipulate objects, and examines the compatibility of grasps selected for specific tasks. This is accomplished by looking at the velocity transmission and force transmission ellipsoids, which represent the transmission ratios of the corresponding quantity from the joints to the object, as well as the stiffness ellipsoid which represents the directional stiffness of the grasp. These ellipsoids allow visualization of the grasp Jacobian and grasp stiffness matrices. The results show that the orientation of the ellipsoids can be related to salient task requirements.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
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	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Penn State @ write.to.jason @			Serial	14
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	Author	Melzer, I.; Liebermann, D.G.; Krasovsky, T.; Oddsson, L.I.E.
	Title	Cognitive load affects lower limb force-time relations during voluntary rapid stepping in healthy old and young adults			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2010	Publication	The Journals of Gerontology. Series A, Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences	Abbreviated Journal	J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci
	Volume	65	Issue	4	Pages	400-406
	Keywords	Accidental Falls; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Aging/physiology; Attention/physiology; Cognition/physiology; Gait/physiology; Humans; Postural Balance/*physiology; Reaction Time
	Abstract	BACKGROUND: Quick step execution may prevent falls when balance is lost; adding a concurrent task delays this function. We investigate whether push-off force-time relations during the execution of rapid voluntary stepping is affected by a secondary task in older and young adults. METHODS: Nineteen healthy older adults and 12 young adults performed rapid voluntary stepping under single- and dual-task conditions. Peak power, peak force, and time to peak force during preparatory and swing phases of stepping were extracted from center of pressure and ground reaction force data. RESULTS: For dual-task condition compared with single-task condition, older adults show a longer time to reach peak force during the preparation and swing phases compared with young adults (approximately 25% vs approximately 10%, respectively). Peak power and peak force were not affected by a concurrent attention-demanding task. CONCLUSION: Older adults have difficulty allocating sufficient attention for fast muscle recruitment when concurrently challenged by an attention-demanding task.
	Address	Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1079-5006	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:19939911			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	50
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	Author	Goodman, D.; Liebermann, D.G.
	Title	Time-to-contact as a determiner of action: vision and motor control			Type	Book Chapter
	Year	1992	Publication	Vision and Motor Control	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	335-349
	Keywords
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Elsevier Pub. Co	Place of Publication	Amsterdam, Holland	Editor	D. Elliott; J. Proteau
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
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	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
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	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	43
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	Author	Tenenbaum, G.; Kohler, N.; Shraga, S.; Liebermann, D.G.; Lidor, R.
	Title	Anticipation and confidence of decisions related to skilled performance			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1996	Publication	Journal of Sport Psychology	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	27	Issue		Pages	293-307
	Keywords
	Abstract	This study was carried out to examine anticipatory decisions of novice, intermediate, and expert tennis players and the confidence with which these decisions are made by these athletes. Perceived eye-focus was also measured to verify whether it is related to expertise level prior to action execution. Forty-five Australian players, 15 in each skill category, were exposed to 6 temporal occluded film conditions (480, 320, 160 ms prior to racquet-ball contact, at contact, and 160 and 320 ms after contact) in randomized order within 8 tennis strokes. In each condition, after viewing the filmed sequence, they were asked to report the final ball location of the opponent's stroke, how confident they were in this decision, and their perceived eye-focus location during the sequence. Experts and intermediates were superior in anticipatory decisions to their counterparts, only under short exposure durations. Novices showed more confidence than experts and intermediates at the beginning of the sequence, but after 160 and 320 ms of ball-racquet contact, experts were much more confident than novices, and intermediates. Self-reported eye-focus differed substantially with respect to expertise level. While experts attended to several locations prior to ball-racquet contact, intermediate and novice players gazed at one location. After contact, the reverse was evident. The findings are in partial agreement with other studies which have applied the temporal occlusion paradigm to study expert-novice differences in anticipatory skills.
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	59
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	Author	Raveh, E.; Friedman, J.; Portnoy, S.
	Title	Visuomotor behaviors and performance in a dual-task paradigm with and without vibrotactile feedback when using a myoelectric controlled hand			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2018	Publication	Assistive Technology	Abbreviated Journal	Assistive Technology
	Volume	30	Issue		Pages	274-280
	Keywords
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1040-0435	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	85
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