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	Author	Liebermann, D.G.; Berman, S.; Weingarden H.; Levin, M.F.; Weiss, P.L.
	Title	Kinematic features of arm and trunk movements in stroke patients and age-matched healthy controls during reaching in virtual and physical environments			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2009	Publication	Virtual Rehabilitation International Conference	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	179-184
	Keywords
	Abstract	Motor performance of stroke patients and healthy individuals was compared in terms of selected kinematic features of arm and trunk movements while subjects reached for visual targets in virtual (VR) and physical (PH) environments. In PH, the targets were placed at an extended arm distance, while in VR comparably placed virtual targets were presented via GestureTek's IREX system. Our goal was to obtain further insights into research methods related to VR-based rehabilitation. Eight right-hemiparetic stroke patients (age =46-87 years) and 8 healthy adults (age =51-73 years) completed 84 reaching movements in VR and PH environments while seated. The results showed that arm and trunk movements differed in the two environments in patients and to a lesser extent in healthy individuals. Arm motion of patients became jerkier in VR, with larger paths and longer movement durations, and presented greater arm torsion (i.e., larger elbow rotations around the hand-shoulder axis). Interestingly, patients also showed a significant reduction of compensatory trunk movements during VR reaching. The findings indicate that when targets were perceived to be beyond hand reach, stroke patients may be less able to estimate 3D virtual target locations obtained from the 2D TV planar displays. This was not the case for healthy participants.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	52
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	Author	Shaklai, S.; Mimouni-Bloch, A.; Levin, M.; Friedman, J.
	Title	Development of finger force coordination in children			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2017	Publication	Experimental Brain Research	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	235	Issue	12	Pages	3709–3720
	Keywords
	Abstract	Coordination is often observed as body parts moving together. However, when producing force with multiple fingers, the optimal coordination is not to produce similar forces with each finger, but rather for each finger to correct mistakes of other fingers. In this study, we aim to determine whether and how this skill develops in children aged 4-12 years. We measured this sort of coordination using the uncontrolled manifold hypothesis (UCM). We recorded finger forces produced by 60 typically developing children aged between 4 and 12 years in a finger-pressing task. The children controlled the height of an object on a screen by the total amount of force they produced on force sensors. We found that the synergy index, a measure of the relationship between “good” and “bad” variance, increased linearly as a function of age. This improvement was achieved by a selective reduction in “bad” variance rather than an increase in “good” variance. We did not observe differences between males and females, and the synergy index was not able to predict outcomes of upper limb behavioral tests after controlling for age. As children develop between the ages of 4 and 12 years, their ability to produce negative covariation between their finger forces improves, likely related to their improved ability to perform dexterous tasks.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1432-1106	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Shaklai2017			Serial	86
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	Author	Frenkel-Toledo, S.; Levin, M.F.; Berman, S.; Liebermann, D.G.; Baniña, M.C.; Solomon, J.M.; Ofir-Geva, S.; Soroker, N.
	Title	Shared and distinct voxel-based lesion-symptom mappings for spasticity and impaired movement in the hemiparetic upper limb			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2022	Publication	Scientific Reports	Abbreviated Journal	Sci Rep
	Volume	12	Issue	1	Pages
	Keywords
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2045-2322	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	113
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	Author	Mimouni-Bloch, A.; Shaklai, S.; Levin, M.; Ingber, M.; Karolitsky, T.; Grunbaum, S.; Friedman, J.
	Title	Developmental and acquired brain injury have opposite effects on finger coordination in children			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2023	Publication	Frontiers in Human Neuroscience	Abbreviated Journal	Front. Hum. Neurosci.
	Volume	17	Issue		Pages	1083304
	Keywords
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1662-5161	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	119
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	Author	Liebermann, D.G.; Levin, M.F.; McIntyre, J.; Weiss, P.L.; Berman, S.
	Title	Arm path fragmentation and spatiotemporal features of hand reaching in healthy subjects and stroke patients			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2010	Publication	Conference Proceedings : ... Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Conference	Abbreviated Journal	Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc
	Volume	2010	Issue		Pages	5242-5245
	Keywords	Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Analysis of Variance; Arm/physiology; Biomechanics/physiology; Female; Hand/physiology; Health; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Movement/physiology; Posture/physiology; Principal Component Analysis; Stroke/*physiopathology; Time Factors
	Abstract	Arm motion in healthy humans is characterized by smooth and relatively short paths. The current study focused on 3D reaching in stroke patients. Sixteen right-hemiparetic stroke patients and 8 healthy adults performed 42 reaching movements towards 3 visual targets located at an extended arm distance. Performance was assessed in terms of spatial and temporal features of the movement; i.e., hand path, arm posture and smoothness. Differences between groups and within subjects were hypothesized for spatial and temporal aspects of reaching under the assumption that both are independent. As expected, upper limb motion of patients was characterized by longer and jerkier hand paths and slower speeds. Assessment of the number of sub-movements within each movement did not clearly discriminate between groups. Principal component analyses revealed specific clusters of either spatial or temporal measures, which accounted for a large proportion of the variance in patients but not in healthy controls. These findings support the notion of a separation between spatial and temporal features of movement. Stroke patients may fail to integrate the two aspects when executing reaching movements towards visual targets.
	Address	Physical Therapy Dept., Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, 69978 Israel. dlieberm@post.tau.ac.il
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1557-170X	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:21096047			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	30
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