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	Author	Friedman, J.; Amiaz, A.; Korman, M.
	Title	The online and offline effects of changing movement timing variability during training on a finger-opposition task			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2022	Publication	Scientific Reports	Abbreviated Journal	Sci Rep
	Volume	12	Issue	1	Pages	13319
	Keywords	Fingers; Humans; Learning; Motor Skills; Movement; Psychomotor Performance; Upper Extremity
	Abstract	In motor learning tasks, there is mixed evidence for whether increased task-relevant variability in early learning stages leads to improved outcomes. One problem is that there may be a connection between skill level and motor variability, such that participants who initially have more variability may also perform worse on the task, so will have more room to improve. To avoid this confound, we experimentally manipulated the amount of movement timing variability (MTV) during training to test whether it improves performance. Based on previous studies showing that most of the improvement in finger-opposition tasks comes from optimizing the relative onset time of the finger movements, we used auditory cues (beeps) to guide the onset times of sequential movements during a training session, and then assessed motor performance after the intervention. Participants were assigned to three groups that either: (a) followed a prescribed random rhythm for their finger touches (Variable MTV), (b) followed a fixed rhythm (Fixed control MTV), or (c) produced the entire sequence following a single beep (Unsupervised control MTV). While the intervention was successful in increasing MTV during training for the Variable group, it did not lead to improved outcomes post-training compared to either control group, and the use of fixed timing led to significantly worse performance compared to the Unsupervised control group. These results suggest that manipulating MTV through auditory cues does not produce greater learning than unconstrained training in motor sequence tasks.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2045-2322	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:35922460; PMCID:PMC9349301			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	115
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	Author	Steinhart, S.; Weiss, P.L.; Friedman, J.
	Title	Proximal and distal movement patterns during a graphomotor task in typically developing children and children with handwriting problems			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2021	Publication	Journal of Neuroengineering and Rehabilitation	Abbreviated Journal	J Neuroeng Rehabil
	Volume	18	Issue	1	Pages	178
	Keywords	Arm; Biomechanical Phenomena; Child; Handwriting; Humans; Motor Skills; Movement; Upper Extremity; Distal joints; Handwriting; Motor control; Movement analysis; Proximal; Stability
	Abstract	BACKGROUND: Therapists specializing in handwriting difficulties in children often address motor problems including both proximal and distal movements in the upper extremity. Kinematic measures can be used to investigate various aspects of handwriting. This study examined differences in movement patterns in proximal and distal joints of the upper extremity during graphomotor tasks between typically developing children with and without handwriting problems. Additionally, it explored relationships between movement patterns, speed, and legibility of writing. METHODS: Forty-one children, aged 7-11 years, were assessed with the Aleph Aleph Ktav Yad Hebrew Handwriting assessment and the Beery Test of Visual Motor Integration and, based on their scores, were divided into a research group (with handwriting difficulties) and a control group (without handwriting difficulties). Upper extremity joint movement patterns were analyzed with a motion capture system. Differences in the quality of shapes traced and copied on a graphics tablet positioned horizontally and vertically were compared. Between-group differences and relationships with speed and legibility were analyzed. RESULTS: In both groups, there was greater movement in the distal compared to the proximal joints, greater movement when performing the task in a horizontal compared to a vertical plane, and greater movement when tracing than copying. Joint movements in the arm executed scaled-down versions of the shapes being drawn. While the amount of joint displacement was similar between groups, children in the research group showed greater dissimilarity between the drawn shape and the shape produced by the proximal joints. Finally, the drawing measure on the tablet was a significant predictor of legibility, speed of writing, visual motor integration and motor coordination, whereas the dissimilarity measure of joint movement was a significant predictor of speed of writing and motor coordination. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides support for the role of the distal upper extremity joints in the writing process and some guidance to assist clinicians in devising treatment strategies for movement-related handwriting problems. While we observed differences in proximal joint movements between the children with and without handwriting difficulties, the extent to which they are responsible for the differences in drawing quality remains to be determined. Further studies should use a similar methodology to examine additional tasks such as drawing shapes of varying sizes.
	Address	Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel. jason@tau.ac.il
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1743-0003	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:34930334; PMCID:PMC8690895			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	118
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	Author	Biess, A.; Flash, T.; Liebermann, D.G.
	Title	Riemannian geometric approach to human arm dynamics, movement optimization, and invariance			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2011	Publication	Physical Review. E, Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics	Abbreviated Journal	Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys
	Volume	83	Issue	3 Pt 1	Pages	031927
	Keywords	Arm/physiology; Biomechanics; Computer Simulation; Humans; Kinetics; Male; Models, Biological; Models, Statistical; Models, Theoretical; Movement; Psychomotor Performance/physiology; Range of Motion, Articular/physiology; Reaction Time/physiology; Space Perception/physiology; Torque
	Abstract	We present a generally covariant formulation of human arm dynamics and optimization principles in Riemannian configuration space. We extend the one-parameter family of mean-squared-derivative (MSD) cost functionals from Euclidean to Riemannian space, and we show that they are mathematically identical to the corresponding dynamic costs when formulated in a Riemannian space equipped with the kinetic energy metric. In particular, we derive the equivalence of the minimum-jerk and minimum-torque change models in this metric space. Solutions of the one-parameter family of MSD variational problems in Riemannian space are given by (reparameterized) geodesic paths, which correspond to movements with least muscular effort. Finally, movement invariants are derived from symmetries of the Riemannian manifold. We argue that the geometrical structure imposed on the arm's configuration space may provide insights into the emerging properties of the movements generated by the motor system.
	Address	Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience, DE-37073 Gottingen, Germany. armin@nld.ds.mpg.de
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1539-3755	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:21517543			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	29
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	Author	Liebermann, D.G.; Levin, M.F.; McIntyre, J.; Weiss, P.L.; Berman, S.
	Title	Arm path fragmentation and spatiotemporal features of hand reaching in healthy subjects and stroke patients			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2010	Publication	Conference Proceedings : ... Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Conference	Abbreviated Journal	Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc
	Volume	2010	Issue		Pages	5242-5245
	Keywords	Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Analysis of Variance; Arm/physiology; Biomechanics/physiology; Female; Hand/physiology; Health; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Movement/physiology; Posture/physiology; Principal Component Analysis; Stroke/*physiopathology; Time Factors
	Abstract	Arm motion in healthy humans is characterized by smooth and relatively short paths. The current study focused on 3D reaching in stroke patients. Sixteen right-hemiparetic stroke patients and 8 healthy adults performed 42 reaching movements towards 3 visual targets located at an extended arm distance. Performance was assessed in terms of spatial and temporal features of the movement; i.e., hand path, arm posture and smoothness. Differences between groups and within subjects were hypothesized for spatial and temporal aspects of reaching under the assumption that both are independent. As expected, upper limb motion of patients was characterized by longer and jerkier hand paths and slower speeds. Assessment of the number of sub-movements within each movement did not clearly discriminate between groups. Principal component analyses revealed specific clusters of either spatial or temporal measures, which accounted for a large proportion of the variance in patients but not in healthy controls. These findings support the notion of a separation between spatial and temporal features of movement. Stroke patients may fail to integrate the two aspects when executing reaching movements towards visual targets.
	Address	Physical Therapy Dept., Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, 69978 Israel. dlieberm@post.tau.ac.il
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1557-170X	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:21096047			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	30
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	Author	Roijezon, U.; Djupsjobacka, M.; Bjorklund, M.; Hager-Ross, C.; Grip, H.; Liebermann, D.G.
	Title	Kinematics of fast cervical rotations in persons with chronic neck pain: a cross-sectional and reliability study			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2010	Publication	BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders	Abbreviated Journal	BMC Musculoskelet Disord
	Volume	11	Issue		Pages	222
	Keywords	Adult; Aged; Biomechanics/physiology; Cervical Vertebrae/physiopathology; Chronic Disease; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Head Movements/physiology; Humans; Middle Aged; Neck Pain/diagnosis/etiology/physiopathology; Physical Examination/methods; Reproducibility of Results; Rotation/adverse effects; Time Factors; Young Adult
	Abstract	BACKGROUND: Assessment of sensorimotor function is useful for classification and treatment evaluation of neck pain disorders. Several studies have investigated various aspects of cervical motor functions. Most of these have involved slow or self-paced movements, while few have investigated fast cervical movements. Moreover, the reliability of assessment of fast cervical axial rotation has, to our knowledge, not been evaluated before. METHODS: Cervical kinematics was assessed during fast axial head rotations in 118 women with chronic nonspecific neck pain (NS) and compared to 49 healthy controls (CON). The relationship between cervical kinematics and symptoms, self-rated functioning and fear of movement was evaluated in the NS group. A sub-sample of 16 NS and 16 CON was re-tested after one week to assess the reliability of kinematic variables. Six cervical kinematic variables were calculated: peak speed, range of movement, conjunct movements and three variables related to the shape of the speed profile. RESULTS: Together, peak speed and conjunct movements had a sensitivity of 76% and a specificity of 78% in discriminating between NS and CON, of which the major part could be attributed to peak speed (NS: 226 +/- 88 degrees /s and CON: 348 +/- 92 degrees /s, p < 0.01). Peak speed was slower in NS compared to healthy controls and even slower in NS with comorbidity of low-back pain. Associations were found between reduced peak speed and self-rated difficulties with running, performing head movements, car driving, sleeping and pain. Peak speed showed reasonably high reliability, while the reliability for conjunct movements was poor. CONCLUSIONS: Peak speed of fast cervical axial rotations is reduced in people with chronic neck pain, and even further reduced in subjects with concomitant low back pain. Fast cervical rotation test seems to be a reliable and valid tool for assessment of neck pain disorders on group level, while a rather large between subject variation and overlap between groups calls for caution in the interpretation of individual assessments.
	Address	Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Gavle, Sweden. ulrik.roijezon@ltu.se
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1471-2474	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:20875135			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	31
Permanent link to this record