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Frenkel-Toledo, S.; Levin, M.F.; Berman, S.; Liebermann, D.G.; Baniña, M.C.; Solomon, J.M.; Ofir-Geva, S.; Soroker, N. |
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Shared and distinct voxel-based lesion-symptom mappings for spasticity and impaired movement in the hemiparetic upper limb |
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2022 |
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Scientific Reports |
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Sci Rep |
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12 |
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1 |
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2045-2322 |
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113 |
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Swissa, Y.; Hacohen, S.; Friedman, J.; Frenkel-Toledo, S. |
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Title |
Sensorimotor performance after high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation over the primary somatosensory or motor cortices in men versus women |
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2022 |
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Scientific Reports |
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Sci Rep |
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12 |
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11117 |
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The primary somatosensory (S1) cortex is a central structure in motor performance. However, transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) research aimed at improving motor performance usually targets the primary motor cortex (M1). Recently, sex was found to mediate tDCS response. Thus, we investigated whether tDCS with an anodal electrode placed over S1 improves motor performance and sensation perception in men versus women. Forty-five participants randomly received 15-min high-definition tDCS (HD-tDCS) at 1 mA to S1, M1, or sham stimulation. Reaching performance was tested before and immediately following stimulation. Two-point orientation discrimination (TPOD) of fingers and proprioception of a reaching movement were also tested. Although motor performance did not differ between groups, reaching reaction time improved in the M1 group men. Reaching movement time and endpoint error improved in women and men, respectively. Correct trials percentage for TPOD task was higher in the S1 compared to the M1 group in the posttest and improved only in the S1 group. Reaching movement time for the proprioception task improved, overall, and endpoint error did not change. Despite the reciprocal connections between S1 and M1, effects of active tDCS over S1 and M1 may specifically influence sensation perception and motor performance, respectively. Also, sex may mediate effects of HD-tDCS on motor performance. |
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2045-2322 |
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114 |
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Thorpe, A.; Friedman, J.; Evans, S.; Nesbitt, K.; Eidels, A. |
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Title |
Mouse Movement Trajectories as an Indicator of Cognitive Workload |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2022 |
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International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction |
Abbreviated Journal |
International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction |
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38 |
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15 |
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1464-1479 |
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Assessing the cognitive impact of user interfaces is a shared focus of human-computer interaction researchers and cognitive scientists. Methods of cognitive assessment based on data derived from the system itself, rather than external apparatus, have the potential to be applied in a range of scenarios. The current study applied methods of analyzing kinematics to mouse movements in a computer-based task, alongside the detection response task, a standard workload measure. Sixty-five participants completed a task in which stationary stimuli were tar;geted using a mouse, with a within-subjects factor of task workload based on the number of targets to be hovered over with the mouse (one/two), and a between-subjects factor based on whether both targets (exhaustive) or just one target (minimum-time) needed to be hovered over to complete a trial when two targets were presented. Mouse movement onset times were slower and mouse movement trajectories exhibited more submovements when two targets were presented, than when one target was presented. Responses to the detection response task were also slower in this condition, indicating higher cognitive workload. However, these differences were only found for participants in the exhaustive condition, suggesting those in the minimum-time condition were not affected by the presence of the second target. Mouse movement trajectory results agreed with other measures of workload and task performance. Our findings suggest this analysis can be applied to workload assessments in real-world scenarios. |
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1044-7318 |
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117 |
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Mimouni-Bloch, A.; Shaklai, S.; Levin, M.; Ingber, M.; Karolitsky, T.; Grunbaum, S.; Friedman, J. |
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Title |
Developmental and acquired brain injury have opposite effects on finger coordination in children |
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Year |
2023 |
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Frontiers in Human Neuroscience |
Abbreviated Journal |
Front. Hum. Neurosci. |
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17 |
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1083304 |
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1662-5161 |
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119 |
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Salzer, Y.; Friedman, J. |
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Reaching trajectories unravel modality-dependent temporal dynamics of the automatic process in the Simon task: a model-based approach |
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Year |
2020 |
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Psychological Research |
Abbreviated Journal |
Psychol Res |
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84 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
1700-1713 |
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The Simon effect represents a phenomenon in which the location of the stimuli affects the speed and accuracy of the response, despite being irrelevant for the task demands. This is believed to be due to an automatic activation of a response corresponding to the location of the stimuli, which conflicts with the controlled decision process based on relevant stimuli features. Previously, differences in the nature of the Simon effect (i.e., the pattern of change of the effect across the distribution of response times) between visual and somatosensory stimuli were reported. We hypothesize that the temporal dynamics of visual and somatosensory automatic and controlled processes vary, thus driving the reported behavioral differences. While most studies have used response times to study the underlying mechanisms involved, in this study we had participants reach out to touch the targets and recorded their arm movements using a motion capture system. Importantly, the participants started their movements before a final decision was made. In this way, we could analyze the movements to gain insights into the competition between the automatic and controlled processes. We used this technique to describe the results in terms of a model assuming automatic activation due to location-based evidence, followed by inhibition. We found that for the somatosensory Simon effect, the decay of the automatic process is significantly slower than for the visual Simon effect, suggesting quantitative differences in this automatic process between the visual and somatosensory modalities. |
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English |
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0340-0727 |
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PMID:30980236 |
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